Racism and Its Effects on Nursing Care

Question: Does racism inhibit the provision of adequate nursing care? Answer: Introduction Racism occurs around us in our everyday life as there is plenty of evidence about it. In the medical set up, there are three types of racism which are; the perspective of color blindness, denial and aversive racism. It was earlier though believed that nurses cannot be racists because of their nature of work as they pledged to relieve suffering from humanity regardless of their creed, color or race (Larbie, 1985). However, this position assumes a magnanimous commonality in which it is never the reality in the real sense. Racism within nursing continues to exist and does not depend on being deliberate or being conscious but comes in variety of forms. To start with, bias exists within nursing and occurs with some exceptions in some parts of Australia. Regardless of how the manifestation of inappropriate care in nursing is viewed, like culturally unsafe or culturally insensitive care, the main issue is the effects of racism on nursing. The main issue of concern is that the language and words used by nurses reflects how nurses perceive ethnicity, race and cultural feature of indigenous people (Green et al, 1990, p.126). There are times that nurses do not intend to be racists but they do it anyway. Nurses and everyone in this field view nursing profession as being based on care and empathy. This belief holds that nurses should see people the same way. The corollary is that racism does not really affect the quality and type of care provided. Analysis shows different ways in which stereotypes affect the interaction between women and staff and how the interaction led to poor care of the patients. Nationality, ethnicity and race have effects on the care patients get because patients who have poor command of English are likely to be unpopular. This leads to negative assessment of a client by nurses or health professionals. Patients race makes the patient to be classified as an undesirable patient for their expectations and knowledge of the medical services are not the same as those of the indigenous patients (Diamond and Clarke, 1989). Proper enactment of the role involves features such as etiquette like in the Western culture where there is belittling of discomfort, cooperation of physician with carer and a persons presentation. There is this perception that patients may not get the necessary care when they are perceived as patients who always complain and they end up receiving treatment under false pretenses. In conclusion, midwives can take a lot of time or even at times are unable to provide good medical care because of poor communication among the women from other cultures. According to Homans and Satow (1982, p.17), patients who make nurses or physicians to feel ineffective or angry may become negatively typified. There is evidence that minority and black ethnic women or patients at large are more vulnerable to typification. This is because the color of their skin makes it easier for nurses to identify them and assign them with a communication difficulty title and hence may affect the kind of health care they receive. References Diamond, I. Clarke, S. (1989). Demographic Patterns among Britains Ethnic Groups. The Changing Population of Britain. Oxford Blackwell. Green, J. et al. (1990). Stereotypes of Childbearing Women: A look at some Evidence. Midwifery 6, 125-32 Homans, H. Satow, A. (1982). Can you hear me? Cultural Variations in Communication. J. Community Nursing. 16-18 Larbie, J. (1985). Black Women and the Maternity Services. London: Training in Health and Race

Too Much Money Is Spent on Toys and Games free essay sample

All around the world, in every country and every culture, it is important kids can play with toys and games and learn how to have fun. A vital and essential part of learning and development comes from experimenting with games and toys. However, in some countries too much money is being spent on toys and games. Far too many children, and adults, have too many toys and games than necessary and instead of learning from toys; it is stopping kids from developing the right way and some adults from participating in society. With spending so much money on games, some people have too many toys, some are becoming unhealthy as a result, and some are losing the ability to communicate and participate in social events. Too many toys are causing people of all ages to become poor communicators. One of the most popular types of games is video games. X-boxes and PlayStations, you name it! Toys and game systems such as these are fun, don’t get me wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Too Much Money Is Spent on Toys and Games or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However too many people spend too much money and too much time playing on them. This then stops people from socialising with each other. It saddens me to see young people have their lives taken over by these consoles, and losing the ability to communicate with their peers. This problem is also an unhealthy one for our nation. Australia is fast becoming one of the fattest nations on earth. Child and adult obesity is caused by a combination of unhealthy eating and not getting enough exercise. Having too many games is giving people an excuse to sit on the couch all day, eating junk and playing with their toys and games. Do we want the future of our nation to be fat? Spending too much money on toys and games is a massive health risk to our country. The indecent amount of money being spent on games is unfair in Australia. Some children have far too many toys than they could ever even play with! In comparison, children in under developed countries have little or no toys at all. Instead, they create toys using their imagination and learn to play with they have. Having too many toys creates two problems; children are losing their creativity and imagination by having parents who buy too many toys and secondly; the money wasted on pointless pieces of plastic is better pent on education and helping those who have less than us. Australians spend far too much money on toys and games. This is wrong as it is destroying the communication skills of Australian kids and it is expanding the waistline of all Australians as we become one of the fattest nations as more and more money is spent. Stop spending money on toys and instead, put it towards education of you ng Australians or helping out those who are less fortunate.

The Canada Act Essays - Constitution Of Canada,

The Canada Act By 1980 the constitution was no longer as well suited for the country of Canada. Changes were needed to be made in the constitution which had not been touched over the last 113 years. The Prime Minister wanted to secure a bill of rights in the constitution but also wanted to patriate the BNA Act. This meant to bring the act from British hands into Canadian control. In 1931 an earlier attempt had been made to patriate the BNA Act. At the time British Parliament had just recently passed the Statute of Westminster, which gave all dominions under British influence complete independence and no longer held them to British Law. This law also applied to Canada but not including the BNA Act. This occurred because the Federal and Provincial governments could not agree on a way of revising the act. The Provincial Government rather liked this agreement because it kept the federal government from going out and acting on its own and violating provincial rights. The question of amending the BNA Act was discussed many times after 1931. In 1971 in Victoria an agreement was almost made. The provinces were given 10 days to go over the proposals made in Victoria but Quebec did not agree and it was all scrapped leaving them at square one once again. Ontario and New Brunswick's input on the changes in the constitution/BNA Act: - free to carry on business throughout the country - should not be restricted by provincial rules on trade - one parliament ruling Canada - manage economic power to distribute wealth easily - provincial wealth should be distributed throughout Other provinces, (mainly Quebec), input on the changes in the constitution/BNA Act: - provincial communities are equally important to Canadians as was the nation provincial governments should better understand the needs of the people - Ottawa was not the only voice for Canada - provinces wanted more power in federal policies that concerned provincial matters In September 1980 another federal - provincial conference was held to discuss amending the BNA Act once again. Unfortunately there were two conflicting views at these meetings. The Prime Minister, Trudeau, took on the view that we were all "Canadians" - not French or English, not Westerners or Easterners. Trudeau thought that Canadians would do best to have all the same freedoms across the country. He wanted to focus on breaking down the provincial barriers and unify Canadians as citizens. October 2, 1980, Prime Minister Trudeau announced that he was going to patriate the constitution on the federal initiative alone. This statement did not go over well with the provinces. The supreme court was consulted on wether this was legal and some changes were made after it was declared legal but a huge break in the traditional methods of doing things. During October and November 1981, last minute negotiations and changes were made and finally an agreement was reached between Ottawa and nine of the provinces on a constitutional package. Of course the disagreeing province was Quebec who refused to go along with the agreement because Quebec had not been given Veto power over amendments. Still the proposals were passed and in March 1982 the British Parliament gave its approval to the newly proposed constitution act. The New Constitution Act included amendments made over the years to the BNA Act. But there were additions that would have effect on the federal system of the future. The new act focuses on strengthening provincial government control over natural resources, defines the principle of equalization which intends to guarantee all Canadians will have access to basic public services no matter where they live. The rights also included protection of both French and English language rights. In a separate section the existing Native rights are also protected. The changes in the BNA Act and Canadas constitution follow in suite to the changing times. The changes made for this day and age may no longer be applicable 50 years from now and once again the act will be reviewed and probably renegotiated.

Pros and Cons of Capital Punishment essays

Pros and Cons of Capital Punishment essays Capital punishment is a subject you can always count on for a lively discussion with plenty of opinions and lots of questions. "Capital Punishment is a term which indicates muddled thinking. The dilemma of kill or be killed, which confronts civilized society daily and inexorably, is bedeviled by the jumble of panic, superstition, and angry resentment we call punishment, expiation, propitiatory blood sacrifice, justice, and many other imposing names. The dilemma is a hard fact which must be faced and organized." (1) In today's world, terrible crimes are being committed daily. Many believe that these criminals deserve one fate: death. Capital punishment, the death penalty, is the maximum penalty used in punishing people who kill another human being - and is a very controversial method of punishment. Criminals guilty of murder receive a verdict of capital punishment. Murder is the unlawful killing of another human being with an intentional or criminal intent. First-degree murder is usually premeditated or by deliberate design. In most states, a person convicted of first-degree murder can be sentenced to the death penalty. Debate over the merits of capital punishment continues on a daily basis. Proponents of capital punishment defend it mainly on two grounds: death is a fitting punishment for murder, and executions maximize public safety through incapacitation and deterrence. Capital punishment is meant to be a deterrent to crime, specifically murder. Gordon Tullock, of Virginia Polytechnic Institute, states: "Eighty percent of the people who seriously think about crime think of punishment as a deterrent - except for the sociologists, and they wrote all the textbooks." (2) According to statistics, for each execution there are 50 murders averted. This was documented in the U.S. between the years 1967 - 1984. (3) Murders began to rise during the years that capital punishment was not allowed w...

Macroeconomic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Macroeconomic - Essay Example ces and damaged confidence of the investors, while the Federal Reserve has tried to help US recover its GDP and consumption rate by offering money at interest rates which are as low as zero percent (CBO, 2013 & FRB, 2013). Another huge problem that the US is currently trying to counter is the budget deficit and the trade deficit which continues to threaten US as a nightmare. There are various steps that can assist US in solving their problems, one of the steps US can take is that it can implement an expansionary monetary policy. Expansionary monetary policy is one in which the government injects fund into the economy (Arnold, 2011, p.393). When funds will be injected into the economy of US, investors will start getting loans on easy terms and they will be able to invest more. Due to their increase in investments, employment opportunities will be created and due to increase in employment, consumption will increase. Increase in consumption will further elevate the confidence of the investors and they will invest more. Newsroom - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (n.d.). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved February 17, 2013, from

Reading stories with children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading stories with children - Research Paper Example I decided to read two different books in terms of their themes and setting. The first book was a religious book with religious themes while the second book was more of a fun book. The interaction with the kid, who is about five years of age, was rather eye opening. During the reading session, the kid interjected the process severally asking various questions regarding the stories. He constantly asked questions regarding the meaning of words he did not understand. This trait was a bit interesting as it portrayed the kid as an inquisitive person who wanted to know more. Various facial expressions accompanied my reading to the kid so as to further make him understand certain aspects of the stories. He was keen on the kind of expression that he saw on my face as I continued to read the books. Whenever there were frowns on my face he could also frown. This was a sign that the kid personalized the reading through the expressions that I was portraying to him as the reader. After reading the books to the kid I did further analysis on his reactions during the time I read the books. This revealed something interesting as I realized that the child scrutinized details of every picture that was shown to him. The scrutiny of the fin details in the pictures portrayed the kid as an individual who is interested in both the pictorial aspects of the stories as well as the word flow. This was even more interesting when it came to recalling the reading on the side of the child when I asked him questions. Even after reading the two stories to the kid certain aspects of his traits were outstanding. The kid was able to recall the outline of the two stories though note as exact or fair as it should have been. The first story was titled chocolate me which talks about the skin color in different people. It was more religious and encouraged the readers to appreciate

How Might Deprivation Lead to Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

How Might Deprivation Lead to Crime - Essay Example In these models, deprivation leads to crime by placing low-income individuals who have low returns from market activity in proximity to high-income individuals who have things that are worth taking. A formal model of deprivation and property crime in which individuals choose between legitimate and criminal activity can be found in Chiu and Madden (1998, p123-141). Most empirical tests of the economic theory of crime have been concerned with the deterrent effects of the criminal justice system in particular by how increased police activity and imprisonment rates reduce crime, and whether this reduction is due to prevention or incapacitation (Tierney 1996). In the past several studies have considered the effect on crime of deprivation, albeit indirectly through the effect of low earnings on criminal activity (Roger 2002). In contrast to the economics of crime literature, which focuses on the deterrent effects of the formal criminal justice system, social disorganization theory considers factors that diminish the effectiveness of informal social controls. Shaw and McKay (1942) identified poverty, ethnic heterogeneity, and residential mobility as the three factors that weaken networks of social control and undermine the ability and willingness of communities to exercise informal control over their members. Sampson (1987) has added family stability to this list. For social disorganization theory, deprivation causes crime indirectly by being associated with poverty. Several of the classic theories of crime, including Marxist, strain, and utilitarian rely heavily on economic factors such as poverty and unemployment to account for variations in crime rates (Shihadeh & Ousey 1998). Researchers since the nineteenth century have suggested a positive association between poverty and crime in urban areas (Tierney 1996). This may be due to the fact that the relationship between poverty and crime is contingent upon the specific crime category under consideration (Patterson 1991). In Merton's (1938, p672-682) strain theory, individuals low in the social structure are perturbed by their failure to attain the material attributes of success, and this failure is more substantial when they are confronted by the success of those around them. Unsuccessful individuals become alienated from society and commit the crime in response. Individual alienation can arise from income deprivation or from belonging to a racial minority. The predictions of strain and social disorganization theories have been subject to extensive but questionable empirical testing in the sociological literature. The influential study of Blau and Blau (1982, p114-129) found a strong relationship between measured income deprivation and homicide rates in large metropolitan areas in 1970. Such theories rely on the troubling assumption that macro-level relationships reflect the sum of a series of individual-level social-psychological processes. Blau and Blau's (1982, p114-129) prominently stated that highly stratified environments generate feelings of resentment and frustration in individuals.