The Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria - 1603 Words

The Background: The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) came to power a decade ago as a small terrorist threat that grew out of the terrorist organization Al Qaeda. When the United States began to pull its troops in the Middle East, Iraq leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, took advantage of the unstable government and reinvigorated ISIS. In just this past year, ISIS has shown us that it is more powerful than Al Qaeda by conquering oil fields and territory in Iraq and Syria with the hopes of creating a caliphate- an Islamic state. ISIS uses violence to take control of Middle Eastern territory from non-Muslims, Americans, Westerners, and non-Sunni Muslims. There are three main concerns associated with ISIS. First, it has former military†¦show more content†¦This leads us to worry whether or not they will bring the jihadists back to our country. The Actors: The issue of ISIS is slowly drawing interest from more and more countries the more powerful it gets. At the core, the main actors are Iraq and Syria because ISIS has seized their countries. The United States and Iran have been getting more involved as the group has become a greater threat. However, there are many other actors involved. Countries with a higher Muslim population have sent over 11,000 foreign troops into ISIS territory for combat. Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, France, and Russia have sent the most jihads to Syria and Iraq, according to CNN. However, states with relatively small Muslim populations, such as Finland, Ireland, Australia, Belgium, and Denmark, have also sent a comparatively large number of jihads. The Interests: The goal of ISIS is simple. It wants to take as much territory has possible to create a purely extremists Islamic state. According to Vox, ISIS wants to seize the governments of unstable, heavily populated Muslim nations and establish their own caliphate in its place. ISIS is aware that this is no easy task so they have imposed an â€Å"either be on board or get killed† method of attack. ISIS has held to this policy as, according to Human Rights Watch, it killed 200 Iraqis between June 11th and June 14th. On the other front, the United States and Iran want Iraq to push back against ISIS force. Syria is too corrupt to fight the

Modernist Elements in the Hollow Men - 7051 Words

Introduction: THIS IS THE WAY THE WORLD ENDS THIS IS THE WAY THE WORLD ENDS THIS IS THE WAY THE WORLD ENDS NOT WITH A BANG BUT A WHIMPER T.S.Eliot, The Hollow Men (95-98). The end of The Hollow Men can only be the beginning of a deep and long reflection for thoughtful readers. T.S. Eliot, who always believed that in his end is his beginning, died and left his verse full of hidden messages to be understood, and codes to be deciphered. It is this complexity, which is at the heart of modernism as a literary movement, that makes of Eliot’s poetry very typically modernist. As Ezra Pound once famously stated, Eliot truly did â€Å"modernize himself†. Although his poetry was subject to important transformations over the course of his†¦show more content†¦The reader must participate in the making of the poem or story by digging the structure out and create coherence out of the seeming incoherence. Therefore, the search for meaning, even if it does not succeed, becomes meaningful itself. Modernism is also characterized by the use of fragmentary techniques. Compared with earlier writing, modernist literat ure tends to omit explanations, interpretations, connections, summaries and distancing that provide clarity and continuity in traditional literature. The ideas of order, sequence, and unity are abandoned because they are considered by modernist writers as only expressions of a desire for coherence rather then truthful reflections of reality. A poem or a novel is built through an assemblage (or collage) of fragments, and a short work is a fragment itself. This fragmentation is meant to reflect the modern reality, a reality of flux and alienation. Fragments are drawn from diverse areas of experience. They can be vignettes of contemporary life, chunks of popular culture, dream imagery, religious symbols or symbols from the author’s own life experience. These various levels and different kinds of materials enable the modernist work to move across time and space, shift from the public to the personal and respond to different sorts of concerns of a larger audience. There wasShow Mo reRelatedThe Hollow Men Analysis1002 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary texts use various elements and methods to convey particular messages, positioning readers to take on the views of the author. The poem â€Å"The Hollow Men† by T.S Eliot addresses the failures of human courage and faith and his modernist style like most poets after him is an extremely expressive one, one with much of his poetry reflecting his own attitudes and beliefs about the importance of religious faith. Eliot’s manipulation of various literary conventions invites the readers to adopt hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Hollow Men And Heart Of Darkness 1464 Words   |  6 PagesSimilarly, ‘Hollow men’, challenges the social conventions arising from historical transformations, expressing his concern of an acutely disconnected society, enhancing my view of the complex loneliness with the human condition, giving it an enduring quality. A dramatic monologue, Eliot’s poem mirrors his personal views on the modernist’s rejection of traditional literary writing, whilst the fragmented, free verse structure reveals the fractured ‘Hollow men’. In the epigraph, Elliot alludes toRead MoreAnalysis Of Ode On Melancholy By John Keats970 Words   |  4 Pages The art of writing comes in a vast amount of forms, from the idealistic ideas of Romantics to the realistic ideas of Modernists. In the art world there are two movements that demonstrate change, which are Romanticism and Modernism. The artists that demonstrate Romanticism include Washington Irving, William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Caspar Friedrich. The artists that demonstrate Modernism include Erich Remarque, E.E. Cummings, Claude Monet, and T.S. Eliot; some represent both movements such asRead MoreThe Feminist Manifesto, And Susan Glaspell s Trifles1257 Words   |  6 Pageswith men in the early twentieth century, literature was inspired by this movement. Modernist writers used their artform to provide social commentary in similar ways to realistic writers of the nineteenth century. However, modernist thought allows a much more obvious agenda to be presented throug h literature. Mina Loy, in â€Å"Feminist Manifesto,† and Susan Glaspell, in â€Å"Trifles,† both used their respective writings to convey personal opinions on the women’s movement and the relationship between men andRead MoreFeminism And Social, Political, And All Other Rights Of Women1565 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the website Dictionary.com feminism is â€Å"the doctrine advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of men.† While that statement is not necessarily wrong, it is awfully vague. The reason this statement is so vague is, according to many researchers, because feminism is an incredibly complex concept with many different interpretations. Susan Hekman (2013), for example, interprets feminism to be a radical movement that challenges the very fundament of modernismRead More Ernest Hemingway and Fitzgerald on the Expatriate Experiance1402 Words   |  6 PagesYou become obsessed with sex. You spend all you r time talking, not working. You are an expatriate, see? (Sun Also Rises, 115)1 Paris in the 1920s was a place that seemed to embody dynamic artistic achievement. Many of the great artists of modernist movements were either there or had passed through at some point. It became the living embodiment of the old joke So Hemingway, Fitzgerald and Modigliani walk into a bar... For Americans traveling to Paris after the war with artistic intentionsRead MoreEliot as Dramatist1935 Words   |  8 PagesT.S. Eliot as a dramatist Introduction American-English poet, playwright, and critic, a leader of the modernist movement in literature. Eliot was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1948. His most famous work is THE WASTE LAND, written when he was 34. On one level this highly complex poem descibes cultural and spiritual crisis. The point of view which I am struggling to attack is perhaps related to the metaphysical theory of the substantial unity of the soul: for my meaning isRead MoreThe Bachelor And The Construction And Destruction Of The Fantasy Romance3051 Words   |  13 Pagesfad but with time, their interest has been increasingly on the rise (Shedd, 2013). Almost all television channels now broadcast some form of the reality show, even though in spite of the name, is merely scripted entertainment. This mushrooming of elements of this genre epitomizes a nuance that calls for categorization of the various subgenres. The Bachelor Australia falls under the romance-driven dating programs subgenre and is among the longest, best rated and most appealing of its kind. Season twoRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesBrief Contents Preface List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements xiii xvii xix xx 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Introducing organization theory: what is it, and why does it matter? Modernist organization theory: back to the future? Neo-modernist organization theory: putting people first? Neo-modernist organization theory: surfing the new wave? Postmodernist organization theory: new organizational forms for a new millennium? Postmodernism as a philosophy: the ultimate challenge to organizationRead More Art, Surrealism, and the Grotesque Essay4657 Words   |  19 Pagesmore frequently than in surrealism, and for various reasons, the grotesque figures very strongly in that art movement. From the association of surrealist art and Freud, we can derive a cursory understanding of the grotesque in this breed of Modernist art: the grotesque appears as an image, the content of which might traditionally be repressed, but instead, it is expressed within the controlled confines of a work of art. The psychoanalytic critic will focus on the simultaneous attraction

An Introduction to Ancient (Classical) History

The Movement Of Iran And The Middle East And West - 973 Words

The MEK has a turbulent past and a background of information is needed to understand their relationship with the Middle East and West. The People’s Mujahidin Organization of Iran (MEK) came into existence in the 1960s as an armed guerrilla movement inside of Iran. The original founders of this movement were university students led by Mohammad Hanifnezhad. Homa Katouzian asserts that, â€Å"After the arrest and military trial of their leaders, and especially in consequence of the military suppression of the revolt of June 1963, they, like some other young dissidents in Iran and the West, reached the view that the only avenue open to them was armed struggle. However, they were raided by SAVAK and almost all their leaders and members were arrested in 1971, before they had taken any effective action.† Their movement almost died with them, however they had ideals that appealed to the Iranian people and more would soon follow. Most of the organization adopted a practice of following Marxist-Leninists ideals and political philosophy. The MEK was a militant organization that intended to overthrow the Iranian government. They were deemed as terrorist organization by many western governments. MEK at first was against the West and their influence as they tried to topple the shah in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1980 a second movement was formed between the MEK and Forghan group. Ali Mirsepassi admits, â€Å"The MEK and Forghan Group supported the clerics’ oppositional ideology, thusShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of The Patriot Act And The Middle East1480 Words   |  6 Pageswild fire in the Middle East, the United States entered a war on terror. The budget on defense spending has risen immensely and some economists debate that this large spending had some effect on the recent recession America has faced. Citizens also feel the effects of the Patriot Act and other legislation that allow government intrusions, reducing our civil rights and such ideals as â€Å"a personal life†. As citizens and even the government blame Muslims for the attack and the Middle East in general. HoweverRead MoreThe Middle East871 Words   |  4 Pagesstage. The articles Unfinished Mideast Revolts, Living with a Nuclear Iran, and War in the Fifth Domain, were written and read to further shed light on these topics. These articles help to depict a better-rounded view of the threats in global studies. The discussion began with the article Unfinished Mideast Revolts, written by Jonathan Broader. This article discusses the evolution of the Middle East and how much of the Middle East is currently coming out of, and in some cases still going through difficultRead MoreWhat Is The Real Cost Of Imperialism?1480 Words   |  6 Pagescultural cost? 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The continuous disorder portrayed in the news has created a negative image of the Middle-East. In the case of Iran, this is especially true. Similarly to many other states in the Middle-East, Iran’s past can be characterizedRead MoreOil Has Been Used By Domestic And Foreign Governments On The Development Of The Middle East1335 Words   |  6 Pages_4/D_____ BLOCK III ESSAY QUESTION CHOSEN : ___ #1___ BEGIN ESSAY BELOW: — Oil has been used by domestic and foreign governments in the development of the Middle East both domestically and in foreign policy since 1940 by using it as a bartering item because it is such a valid and precious resource that can fuel homes, towns, and countries. 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Technological innovation and economic growth along with such concepts as democracy, individualism, and the rule of law administered by an impartial judiciary, set Western societiesRead MorePolitical Tensions Between The Islamic 30 Years War1637 Words   |  7 Pagesstruggle to understand the different dimensions of the geo-political tensions between the Islamic republic of Iran and Sunni Saudi Arabia- a rivalry that has some sectarian elements to it, western security experts often resort to use of such terms like â€Å"Islam’s ancient blood feud† and the â€Å"Islamic 30 years’ war†. Useful though those terms may be and understandable as they are when the Middle East is viewed with a western lense, they fail to accurately capture the ground reality. The shiat ali, or partyRead MoreAnalysis Of Huntington s Clash Of Civilizations Theory1944 Words   |  8 Pagesunderstanding the contemporary politics and history of the Middle East. His theory is too simplistic and does not consider the complexity of the region. Indeed, Said is correct to call Huntington’s theory a ‘clash of ignoranceà ¢â‚¬â„¢ as one cannot gain an understanding of the Middle East through an orientalised lens. This essay aims to show the complexity of the history and politics of the Middle East. This will be done by looking at the history of the Middle East, Pan-Arabism and the Arab Spring. It will also consider

What Is The Trump Go Essay - 1278 Words

Trump’s first foray abroad came with points of both high and low, but overall, Trump’s seven days of travel to six different countries, and official meetings with leaders from three different faiths and eight different countries has been deemed a success by supporters and critics alike, and has marked a welcome respite from the near constant negative attention that has plagued him since the start of his presidency. The first stop on the Trump itinerary was the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. An ally of the United States since the Cold War, closeness with the Saudi government has only grown since 9/11, and it has been nearly essential for each president to express continued commitment to this alliance. This is especially true in regards to the†¦show more content†¦Trump’s relationship with Israel has been complex since the start of the campaign, but as president he has kept a very pro-Israel stance. While in Tel Aviv, President Trump met with President Reuven Ri vlin and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu before travelling on to Jerusalem, where Pres. trump made history by becoming the first sitting president to visit the Western Wall. Pres. Trump also continued the tradition kept by many US presidents and leaders from around the world of visiting Yad Vashem, the massive Israeli Holocaust remembrance site outside Jerusalem. On the next day, Pres. Trump met with Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas to discuss potential strategies for renewing the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. One of Trump’s campaign promises was to achieve an ultimate solution to the nearly seventy-year long conflict, as well as keep the US neutral on the negotiating table. Most everyone on Earth would like to see a solution, it’s just a matter of how it gets done. 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Also in Assignment 1, I referred to this issue as a possible limitation to my prospective trip to JerusalemRead MorePresidential Election And Paint It Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pageseasy to glance at the 2016 Presidential Election and paint it as a looney bin with unpredictable results, wacky campaigns, and erratic candidates. However, after studying the election closely, I have discovered quite the contrary. In fact, I would even go as far to suggest that each candidate was a master of their craft—rhetoric. Looking back, it is entertaining to see how each candidate enhances their credibility, evokes a fusillade of emotions, and pres ents certain calculated policies. If asked severalRead MoreThe Violation Of World War Three1255 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation I saw on the news because I knew we would talk about it in class. News in both entertainment and politics can be ephemeral, but both can have effects that influence the way we live for years. 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In the essay, â€Å"Propaganda: How Not to be Bamboozled,† and â€Å"The World of Doublespeak,†Ã‚  both authors discuss and explains the unusual types of propaganda and the misleading nature of doublespeak. First, Donna Woolfolk Cross describes the constructions and the specific

Emotional Turmoil in Pablo Nerudas Poems in the Winter Garden free essay sample

An examination of several poems from Pablo Nerudas collection. This paper discusses five poems extracted from the book, namely: `Homecomings,` `A Dog Has Died,` `The Lost Ones Of The Forest,` `The Ocean Calls,` and `Many Thanks.` This paper analyzes each poem and discusses what underlying message each poem has for the reader. At the end of the analysis, the researcher establishes the stance that Pablo Nerudas poems deeply reflect an individuals emotional struggles, and Neruda voices out this feeling by personifying nature, making them almost life-like, and lets them participate and bear witness to these struggles. This thesis is also supported through an evaluative study of the poems, through a reflection and analysis of the content and flow of though of the poet. `The book `Winter Garden` is a collection of poems that were found and published after Nerudas death. Pablo Neruda, a pseudonym for Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto, is a Chilean poet who is known for his poems that evokes political and social contemplation. We will write a custom essay sample on Emotional Turmoil in Pablo Nerudas Poems in the Winter Garden or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He is also a Marxist, and always extends his massage (through his poems) the unjust treatment and struggles of hid fellow Chileans as they try to achieve social freedom and equality. In his collection of poems in the Winter Garden, it is remarkable that much of the poems contemplate emotional struggle or turmoil, while depicting or associating these struggles with nature or any element in the environment. `

Symbolism In Sir Gawain And The Green free essay sample

Knight Essay, Research Paper From the first clip I read Sir Gawain and the Green Knight I have been troubled by the inquiry of whether or non Sir Gawain was right or incorrect in lying in order to maintain the girdle and salvage his life. He was torn between honestness and his ain life. The inquiry he was forced to inquire himself was # 8220 ; what did he value more: his honestness or his life? Many bookmans have struggled with this inquiry for centuries, every bit good as the inquiries of why Gawain made the determination that he did, how guilty he # 8220 ; truly # 8221 ; felt for his actions, and what the poet is seeking to state the reader through Gawain # 8217 ; s ordeal. When I was turning up I was told to ever be honest. I was merely # 8220 ; grounded # 8221 ; twice in my life-time: one time for non stating my ma where I went one afternoon and one time for stating her a prevarication. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism In Sir Gawain And The Green or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was in Kindergarten and broke a taper ( wear # 8217 ; t inquire me why or how ) . I blamed it on the cat. I couldn # 8217 ; t stand the force per unit area of my female parent # 8217 ; s intense question that consisted of merely inquiring me how the cat could perchance brake the taper which was surrounded by a hurricane lamp. My guilt was so overpowering that I broke down and told her the truth. Thus, I was introduced to the construct of # 8220 ; anchoring # 8221 ; and the importance of honestness. I was taught at a immature age that the foundation of any relationship is honesty and without it, a friendly relationship can merely last so long and its roots travel go merely so deep. But honestness is non everything. My female parent would likely anchor me once more if I did non lie to person to salvage my cervix. There is another side to the inquiry about Sir Gawain # 8217 ; s determination to non give Bertilac the green girdle. While honestness should be extremely valued, it may be unwise to undervalue life itself. In about every civilization decease, every bit good as Gawains # 8217 ; civilization, decease is recognized # 8220 ; as a terrorizing thing which work forces and animate beings likewise try to get away by every device in their power, irrespective of self-respect or responsibility # 8221 ; ( Burrow, # 8221 ; The Third Fit # 8221 ; 37 ) . It may be even more hard to put an overruling significance on the value of honestness in visible radiation of life # 8217 ; s option: decease. # 8220 ; # 8230 ; images of decease permeate the medieval universe # 8221 ; ( Clien. 55 ) . A modern reader of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight should derive an apprehension of what decease means within the # 8220 ; cultural surroundings # 8221 ; which surrounded the Gawain author. Wendy Clein in her book # 8220 ; Concepts of Chivalry in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight # 8221 ; describes the knightly attack to decease as an uncomfortable and awkward matrimony between the warrior # 8217 ; s code on one side and Christianity of the the antithetical side. The warrior codification calls for the knight to # 8220 ; defy decease in Acts of the Apostless of gallantry and thereby derive worldly fame # 8221 ; ( 55 ) . However, the Christian philosophy demands that the knight resignation worldly fame and accept decease as a # 8220 ; transition from this imperfect universe to infinity # 8221 ; ( 55 ) . If knight is to derive celebrity and carry through the warrior codification that is so profoundly engrained into the mind of a warrior, he must play with decease. This is what war and tourneies are all about. It is about looking decease in the oculus and non squinching. Once a knight can make this he has fulfilled the warrior codification of a knight, at least for the minute. The Christian attack to decease is much different from the warrior attack to decease. While some parts of the verse form may look be merely # 8220 ; Christian in harmoniousness with pre-Christian nature belief and ritual # 8221 ; , the issue of infinity and how to populate life can be rather cacophonic ( Speirs. 85 ) . The Christian is called to reject the secular glorification that is offered by the universe of the knight. However the knight who gives up worldly glorification is non left without any awards or glorification. These temporal glorifications are replaced by the # 8220 ; religious wagess # 8221 ; that are enjoyed by the saints. While it might look that the two universes of Christianity and the warrior are reciprocally sole, they can truly congratulate each other when human logic is applied. If warriors are supposed to crush up people, and Christians are supposed to populate their lives for God so logic Tells us that we can unify these two life styles by crushing up people for Jesus. The Crusades were great for these particular sort of persons who desired to keep their committedness to the Church while prosecuting in the bang of violent escapade. This is one of the alone times when the values of mediaeval Christianity and the medieval warrior truly compliment each other: when it is clip to crush up aliens for Jesus. There are a figure of advantages to the religious life that Wendy Clein explores. One advantage that the religious universe has over the warrior universe is that it is non of an sole nature. In a conflict to the decease, merely one warrior can win, while the other warrior must decease. Whereas in the religious universe, redemption is unfastened to all and accomplishable by all who embrace the Christian manner of life, because it is non of an sole nature. Rich and hapless, every bit good as the strong and the weak, can accomplish the wealths of the religious universe. Harmonizing to Clein the 14th century civilization points out to that another benefit of fall ining the Christian nine is that it does non offer one of those miserable life-time ranks. By fall ining this nine, all members automatically receive an ageless guarantee on the human psyche at no excess cost. A life-time guarantee expires manner to early: Moralists turned assorted occasions into chances to reflect on decease. John Mirk # 8217 ; s discourse for the Feast of the Circumcision moves from sing Christ # 8217 ; s mortality to cheering hearers to believe on their ain # 8230 ; . Images of disintegrating flesh provide the most dramatic illustrations of earthly transiency. The cadaver as souvenir mori appears early in a Christian context, transforming the Egyptian and Roman image from a carpe diem exhortation to an admonition non to give ageless felicity for the fugitive pleasances of the organic structure. The image pervades the ulterior Middle Ages. ( 60-61 ) In visible radiation of this kind of imagination it is apprehensible how Gawain might hold felt the guilt that appears to be utmost to most modern readers of the verse form. Gawain # 8217 ; s guilt is utmost when he at the terminal of the verse form he discusses why he wears the set: This set symbolizes the incrimination I bear on my cervix ; It signifies the sorrowful loss that I have suffered, Caught by cowardliness and covetousness at that place ; It is a item of the untruthfulness that trapped me, And I wear it for every bit long as I may populate ; For a adult male can conceal his injury, but neer hurl it off, Since one time it is attached, it will neer vanish. ( ln 2506-2512 ) It was believed that the pleasances of the tribunal threaten work forces by deflecting them from the # 8220 ; truth # 8221 ; that the cadavers can now understand. In the civilization of the Gawain poet, merely as in our modern civilization and every civilization in between, there was lip service and handily timed alterations of bosom. After the knights went out into the universe to prosecute in their varied and unhallowed pleasances of the universe, they would reprobate knighthood. There is a certain rhythm to the human status that brings relevancy to the narrative of Gawain. Just as the babe boomer parents didn # 8217 ; Ts like all that stone and axial rotation music their kids adored so much, the knights did non desire their kids to hold excessively much merriment. The # 8220 ; Black Prince # 8221 ; becomes low and rejects the secular pleasances in composing his epitaph: # 8230 ; /now I am hapless and lowly, laid deep in the Earth, / My great beauty is all gone, my flesh is all dissolved. / My house is really narrow and I have nil but truth. ( John Nichols. A Collection of All the Wills of the Kings and Queens of England. Clein p.62 ) While his epitaph is quaint and marked by humbleness, the prince still ordered a expansive funeral that was far call from the humbleness he professes: And we wish that at that clip our organic structure be led through the town of Canterbury to the priory, that two war Equus caballuss decked in our weaponries and two work forces armed in our weaponries and our helms attend our said organic structure, viz. , one for war in our whole weaponries quartered, and the other for peace in our badges of ostrich plumes with four streamers of the same suit, and that each of those who carry the said streamers have on his caput a chapeau of our weaponries. And that he who is armed for war has an armed adult male transporting after him a black pennant with ostrich plumes ( nichols. p88 CLein p70 ) . The # 8220 ; truth # 8221 ; of which the Black Prince writes in reasoning his epitaph was improbably of import to 14th century moralss. The importance of truth is manifested in Gawain # 8217 ; s guilt trip at the terminal of the verse form. He wears the green sash to remind him of his # 8220 ; untruthfulness # 8221 ; ( ln. 2509 ) Not merely was I taken aback by Gawain # 8217 ; s extreme guilt which seems absurd, but I was thrown off by the wickednesss with which he chooses to reprobate himself, peculiarly the Cardinal or capital wickedness of # 8220 ; covetousness # 8221 ; ( ln 2508 ) . J. A. Burrow dismisses Gawain # 8217 ; s self-conviction of covetousness. The observer argues that Gawain # 8220 ; is non conceited or envious: he does non have on the lady # 8217 ; s gift # 8216 ; for wele # 8217 ; ( lns. 2037,2432 ) . It seems clear # 8230 ; that the ring episode is designed to do the same point-to brand sure in progress that the reader does non misconstrue the hero # 8217 ; s motivations # 8230 ; .It clears the land. Anyone who refuses such a ring is immune from covetousness at least # 8221 ; ( Burrow. 42 ) The job with this reading is that the author defines covetousness excessively narrowly and more narrowly than the writer intended. While it might be easy to state that Gawain merely went brainsick at the terminal of the verse form this merely opens up a whole new set of inquiries. Why would he desire Gawain to travel brainsick when he has been a symbol of the closest a homo can acquire to perfection? Why would the writer make the tribunal which has appeared foolish and weak in the right while Gawain was in the incorrect? D. F. Hills explores why Gawain was right to impeach himself of covetousness, why Gawains # 8217 ; response was proper, and how the poet # 8217 ; s usage of # 8220 ; covetousness # 8221 ; maps to clear up and stress instead than confuse. It is obvious why Gawain accuses himself of # 8220 ; cowardness # 8221 ; ( ln 2508 ) and # 8220 ; untruthfulness # 8221 ; ( ln.2509 ) , but why would he bear down himself with # 8220 ; covetousness # 8221 ; ( 2508 ) ? Hills recognizes that in order to understand why Gawain every bit good as what the poet is seeking to state us we # 8220 ; must analyze the medieval construct of covetousness # 8221 ; ( 313 ) . Hills quotes St. Thomas Aquinas from Summa Theologiae: # 8230 ; covetousness can be diversely understood. In one sense, it is an inordinate desire for wealths # 8230 ; . In another sense, it means an inordinate desire for any temporal goods whatsoever # 8230 ; . In still another sense, it can intend some disposition of a corrupt nature to overly want bribable goods. And therefore they say that covetousness is the root of all wickednesss, by analogy with the root of a tree, which draws its nutriment from the Earth, for in the same manner all wickedness grows from the love of temporal things. ( 314-315 ) Gawain reacts as he should if life in the universe of Aquinas, because he has tapped into the root of all wickedness. Gawain senses that his being has been usurped by his wickedness, and he will get down decomposing from the interior out. Along this same way of medieval idea, covetousness is the # 8220 ; antithesis of charity # 8221 ; ( 315 ) . It is a love of the universe which is non a love directed toward God, but instead covetousness is love directed towards the ego: Covetousness is the component in all wickedness which is due to loving oneself more than God and seeking # 8230 ; a solace which has no solace # 8230 ; . So no affair how much the human psyche contains, it is neer full unless it can keep God, whom it can ever keep. O envious adult male, if you wish to be satisfied, discontinue being envious, because every bit long as you are envious you can non be satisfied. ( 318 ) Hills states that # 8220 ; It is basically a religious disease # 8221 ; ( 319 ) and Gawain monsters out when he accepts that he has contracted the disease. By specifying covetousness in this manner we open up a whole new manner of looking at the significance of Gawain # 8217 ; s mistake. Hills takes the Aquinas definition of covetousness and brings it to fruition by using it to Sir Gawain # 8217 ; s self-proclaimed wickedness of covetousness: Clearly a rigorous regard for the truth # 8230 ; would necessitate that Gawain should manus over the green girdle to Bertilak or possibly decline to accept it in the first topographic point. In non making so because he loved his life excessively much he was puting his love for himself above his love for truth and hence God. ( 321 ) By the poet explicitly calling Gawain # 8217 ; s mistake # 8220 ; covetousness # 8221 ; he is clear uping his subject of the H2O and oil nature of the religious universe and the the secular universe. He is calling the root of wickedness. Man valuing this universe over the following. Why does it count if you get your caput violently cut off? You are traveling to decease shortly anyhow, so you should be free of any wickedness, even the small 1s, in order to acquire on God # 8217 ; s good side. Eternity is a long clip. While Gawain sees himself as this dark evil individual the reader joins Arthur, Bertilac, and the Court of Arthur in thining the significance of Gawain # 8217 ; s discourtesy. Bertilak sees it as # 8220 ; a little defect, my friend: you lack some faithfulness./ It didn # 8217 ; t originate for an disingenuous object or amative fling-/ No! You merely loved your life! And I blame you the less for it # 8221 ; ( ln. 2366-8 ) . This did non function to soothe him, because it merely precipitated a # 8220 ; Shivering inside himself with a black fury # 8221 ; ( ln. 2370 ) . John Burrow argues that covetousness is non so of import to understanding the poets purposes. Rather that cowardliness is the root of Gawain # 8217 ; s failure. Burrow provinces that # 8220 ; cowardliness led him to perpetrate one of the traditional # 8216 ; Acts of the Apostless of covetise # 8217 ; # 8221 ; It was merely because Gawain was a coward foremost that he subsequently became covetousness harmonizing to Burrows reading. I will fall down on Hills # 8217 ; side and suggest that the poet is utilizing the fact that Arthur # 8217 ; s tribunal doesn # 8217 ; t reprobate Sir Gawain, but in fact laugh at him for doing such a large trade out of his wickedness, to foster his motive of the cyclical stupidity of the multitudes. To add sarcasm to diss the writer has the Round Table where the sash as a grade of award when it is truly intended to be a grade of shame. The writer is shouting to the reader that the Court with all of their energies focused on this universe merely do non grok what is traveling on. When Gawain accepts the lacing, he does non understand the nature of the trial ( Benson. 224 ) . For Gawain # 8217 ; s trial is non a trial of temporal endurance as with what we see with the fox, it is a religious trial. It is a trial of which universe Gawain will take to populate in, and he can non populate in both. It is either/or with nil in between. For Gawain recognizes that in the 14th century universe that he took the first measure, which is non undistinguished in theological footings, on that long way to hell. Bibliography Benson, Larry. Art and Tradition in # 8220 ; Sir Gawain and the Green Knight # 8221 ; . New Brunswick: Rutgers Universty Press, 1965. Burrow, John. # 8220 ; # 8216 ; Cupiditas # 8217 ; in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight # 8221 ; . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964. Critical Surveies of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1968. # 8212 ; # 8221 ; The Third Fit. # 8221 ; A Reading of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd. , 1965. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Clein, Wendy. Concepts of Chivalry in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Norman, Oklahoma: Pilgrim Books, 1987. Hills, David Farley. # 8220 ; Gawain # 8217 ; s Fault in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight # 8221 ; . Review of English Studies. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963. Spiers, John. # 8220 ; Sir Gawain and the Green Knight # 8221 ; . Scrutiny. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1949. 35f